|
 |
Minutes of Annual
Assembly |
Documents; Twentieth
Century; Minutes; Church of God; Organized Church Life; annual assembly |
Minutes of the first
annual Assembly of the Church of God printed in tract form. |
This object is in
the public domain. |
Hal Bernard Dixon,
Jr., Pentecostal Research Center, 260 11th Street NE, Cleveland, TN, 37311 |
Minutes1.JPG |
|
 |
Poster announcing
the Central States Convention and Revival Meeting |
Documents; Twentieth
Century; Revivalism; revival meetings; Pentecostals; Later Rain Movement; Trinity Temple;
Peoria; Illinois; People; O.L. Jaggers; Thomas Wyatt; Erskine Holt |
Poster announcing
the Central States Convention and Revival Meeting held at Trinity Temple, Peoria,
Illinois.. Featured speakers include O.L. Jaggers, Thomas Wyatt and Erskine Holt. |
This object is in
the public domain. |
Fuller Theological
Seminary, David du Plessis Archive, 135 North Oakland Avenue, Box 258, Pasadena, CA, 91182 |
Jmb1.jpg |
|
 |
I Have Peace |
Documents; Twentieth
Century; Hymns; I Have Peace; Pentecostals; Open Bible Standard Churches; Mid-Atlantic;
Frances Ure |
This is one of the
many songs composed by Frances Ure, an itinerant Open Bible Standard minister, whose
ministry covered the mid-Atlantic states from the 1910s to the 1970s. |
Courtesy of Fuller
Theological Seminary Archive. |
Fuller Theological
Seminary, David du Plessis Archive, 135 North Oakland Avenue, Box 258, Pasadena, CA, 91182 |
Ure2.jpg |
|
 |
Live Coals of Fire |
Documents;
Nineteenth Century; Pentecostals; Fire-Baptized Holiness Association of America; Organized
Church Life; mass communication; Live Coals of Fire; newspaper; B.H. Irwin |
Copy of first page
of Live Coals of Fire newspaper -- Volume 1, Number 1, dated October 6, 1899. Official
organ of the Fire-Baptized Holiness Association of America. Edited by B.H. Irwin. |
Courtesy of
International Pentecostal Holiness Church. |
International
Pentecostal Holiness Church Archives and Research Center, 7300 NW 39th Espresssway,
Bethany, OK, 73008 |
LiveCoalsFire.jpg |
|
 |
Gettysburg Address |
Documents;
Nineteenth Century; Slavery/Civil War; Abolitionism; Abraham Lincoln; presidents |
Image of the
"Hay draft" of the Gettysburg Address, page 1, high resolution.
The "second draft," probably made by Lincoln shortly after his return to
Washington from Gettysburg, was given to John Hay, whose descendants donated both it and
the Nicolay copy to the Library of Congress in 1916. There are numerous variations in
words and punctuation between these two drafts. Because these variations provide clues
into Lincoln's thinking and because these two drafts are the most closely tied to November
19, they continue to be consulted by scholars of the period. |
Courtesy of the
Library of Congress. |
Library of Congress,
Photoduplication Services, 101 Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20540 |
Getty3.jpg |
|
 |
Gettysburg Address |
Documents;
Nineteenth Century; Slavery/Civil War; Abolitionism; Abraham Lincoln; presidents |
Image of the
"Hay draft" of the Gettysburg Address, page 2, high resolution.
The "second draft," probably made by Lincoln shortly after his return to
Washington from Gettysburg, was given to John Hay, whose descendants donated both it and
the Nicolay copy to the Library of Congress in 1916. There are numerous variations in
words and punctuation between these two drafts. Because these variations provide clues
into Lincoln's thinking and because these two drafts are the most closely tied to November
19, they continue to be consulted by scholars of the period. |
Courtesy of the
Library of Congress. |
Library of Congress,
Photoduplication Services, 101 Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20540 |
Getty4.jpg |
|
 |
Billy Gobitas Letter |
Documents; Twentieth
Century; Church and State; Public school education; Jehovah's Witnesses; People; William
Gobitas; First Amendment; free speech; symbols of America |
"I do not
salute the flag because I have promised to do the will of God," wrote ten-year-old
Bill Gobitas (1925-1989) to the Minersville, Pennsylvania, school board in 1935. His
refusal, and that of his sister Lillian (age twelve), touched off one of several
constitutional legal cases delineating the tension between the state’s authority to
require respect for national symbols and an individual’s right to freedom of speech
and religion.
The Gobitas children attended a public school which, as did most public schools at that
time, required all students to salute and pledge allegiance to the flag of the United
States. The Gobitas children were members of the Jehovah's Witnesses, a church that in
1935 believed that the ceremonial saluting of a national flag was a form of idolatry, a
violation of the commandment in Exodus 20:4-6 that "thou shalt not make unto thee any
graven image, nor bow down to them. . . ." and forbidden as well by John 5:21 and
Matthew 22:21. On 22 October 1935, Billy Gobitas acted on this belief and refused to
participate in the daily flag and pledge ceremony. The next day Lillian Gobitas did the
same. In this letter Billy Gobitas in his own hand explained his reasons to the school
board, but on 6 November 1935, the directors of the Minersville School District voted to
expel the two children for insubordination.
The Watch Tower Society of the Jehovah's Witnesses sued on behalf of the children. The
decisions of both the United States district court and court of appeals was in favor of
the right of the children to refuse to salute. But in 1940 the United States Supreme Court
by an eight-to-one vote reversed these lower court decisions and ruled that the government
had the authority to compel respect for the flag as a key symbol of national unity.
Minersville v. Gobitis [a printer's error has enshrined a misspelling of the Gobitas name
in legal records] was not, however, the last legal word on the subject. In 1943 the
Supreme Court by a six-to-three vote in West Virginia State Board of Education v.
Barnette, another case involving the Jehovah's Witnesses, reconsidered its decision in
Gobitis and held that the right of free speech guaranteed in the First Amendment to the
Constitution denies the government the authority to compel the saluting of the American
flag or the recitation of the pledge of allegiance. (LoC) |
Courtesy of the
Library of Congress. |
Library of Congress,
Photoduplication Services, 101 Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20540 |
Gobitis1.jpg |
|
 |
Billy Gobitas Letter |
Documents; Twentieth
Century; Church and State; Public school education; Jehovah's Witnesses; People; William
Gobitas; First Amendment; free speech; symbols of America |
"I-do-not-salute-the-flag-because-I-have
promised to do the will of God," wrote ten-year-old Bill Gobitas (1925-1989) to the
Minersville, Pennsylvania, school board in 1935. His refusal, and that of his sister
Lillian (age twelve), touched off one of several constitutional legal cases delineating
the tension between the state’s authority to require respect for national symbols and
an individual’s right to freedom of speech and religion.
The Gobitas children attended a public school which, as did most public schools at that
time, required all students to salute and pledge allegiance to the flag of the United
States. The Gobitas children were members of the Jehovah's Witnesses, a church that in
1935 believed that the ceremonial saluting of a national flag was a form of idolatry, a
violation of the commandment in Exodus 20:4-6 that "thou shalt not make unto thee any
graven image, nor bow down to them. . . ." and forbidden as well by John 5:21 and
Matthew 22:21. On 22 October 1935, Billy Gobitas acted on this belief and refused to
participate in the daily flag and pledge ceremony. The next day Lillian Gobitas did the
same. In this letter Billy Gobitas in his own hand explained his reasons to the school
board, but on 6 November 1935, the directors of the Minersville School District voted to
expel the two children for insubordination.
The Watch Tower Society of the Jehovah's Witnesses sued on behalf of the children. The
decisions of both the United States district court and court of appeals was in favor of
the right of the children to refuse to salute. But in 1940 the United States Supreme Court
by an eight-to-one vote reversed these lower court decisions and ruled that the government
had the authority to compel respect for the flag as a key symbol of national unity.
Minersville v. Gobitis [a printer's error has enshrined a misspelling of the Gobitas name
in legal records] was not, however, the last legal word on the subject. In 1943 the
Supreme Court by a six-to-three vote in West Virginia State Board of Education v.
Barnette, another case involving the Jehovah's Witnesses, reconsidered its decision in
Gobitis and held that the right of free speech guaranteed in the First Amendment to the
Constitution denies the government the authority to compel the saluting of the American
flag or the recitation of the pledge of allegiance. (LoC) |
Courtesy of the
Library of Congress. |
Library of Congress,
Photoduplication Services, 101 Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20540 |
Gobitis2.gif |
|
 |
Whole Booke of
Psalmes Faithfully Translated into English Metre or The Bay Psalm Book |
Documents;
Seventeenth Century; Puritans; colonial period; Puritanism; scripture; psalms; hymnal |
This humble and
well-worn hymnal was printed in 1640 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, by Stephen Daye, first
printer of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It is the very first book printed in what is now
the United States.
Known as The Bay Psalm Book, but really titled The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully
Translated into English Metre, it represents what was most sacred to the Puritans--a
faithful translation of God's Word, to be sung in worship by the entire congregation.
Other Protestant denominations relied on selected paraphrases of the Scripture, but the
Puritans believed this could compromise their salvation. The same faith that compelled
them to leave England and strike out for the New World prompted them to commit this text
to print before all others. (LoC) |
Courtesy of the
Library of Congress. |
Library of Congress,
Photoduplication Services, 101 Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20540 |
Baypsalm.jpg |
|
 |
Eliot Bible or The
Holy Bible Containing the Old Testament and the New. Translated into the Indian Language. |
Documents;
Seventeenth Century; Native Americans; assimilation and resistance; Bibles; Exodus; James
Eliot; Algonquian; Home missions |
The "Eliot
Bible" was published in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1663 under the title "The
Holy Bible Containing the Old Testament and the New. Translated into the Indian
Language." It was translated into Algonquian by John Eliot, "Apostle to the
Indians," to support his missionary efforts among the Native Americans. The Eliot
Bible appeared some 120 years before the first complete English edition of the Bible was
published in what is now the United States. (LoC) |
Courtesy of the
Library of Congress. |
Library of Congress,
Photoduplication Services, 101 Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20540 |
Bible3.jpg |
|
 |
Curious
Hieroglyphick Bible |
Documents;
Eighteenth Century; Religious education; Bibles; Isaiah Thomas |
A touchstone of
eighteenth-century American book illustration, this "curious" children's Bible
contains nearly five hundred woodcuts made by American artists. The most ambitious woodcut
book produced in America up to that time, it is one of the sixty-five children's book
titles produced by the pioneer publisher of children's literature and preeminent early
American printer Isaiah Thomas (1749-1831), who had learned the art of engraving while
apprenticed in his youth to the Boston printer Zechariah Fowle. Only four copies of this
remarkable piece of early Americana exist today.
A hieroglyphic Bible replaces some of the words of the text with pictures in an attempt to
tell a story in a direct, simple, and interesting way. Such Bibles became very popular in
the late eighteenth century as an easy means of teaching the Scripture to the young. In
his preface to this volume, Thomas offers this first American hieroglyphic Bible, more
extensively illustrated than its English prototype, as not only a pleasing method of
teaching Bible lessons to children, but as "an easy Way of leading them on in
Reading." (LoC) |
Courtesy of the
Library of Congress. |
Library of Congress,
Photoduplication Services, 101 Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20540 |
Bible4.jpg |
|
 |
Declaration of
Independence |
Documents;
Eighteenth Century; Church and state; Declaration of Independence; Thomas Jefferson; John
Adams; Benjamin Franklin; Founding Fathers; American Colonies; historic documents |
Page one, enlarged.
Declaration of Independence, rough draft. Holograph with minor emendations by John Adams
and Benjamin Franklin. |
Courtesy of the
Library of Congress. |
Library of Congress,
Photoduplication Services, 101 Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20540 |
Dec3.jpg |
|
 |
Liberator |
Documents;
Nineteenth Century; Slavery/Civil War; Abolitionism; William Lloyd Garrison; The
Liberator; American Anti-Slavery Society; Philadelphia |
William Lloyd
Garrison (1805-1879) issued the first number of The Liberator on January 1, 1831. The
radical tone of the paper was unprecedented because it labeled slave-holding a crime and
called for immediate abolition. When the Nat Turner rebellion of August 1831 escalated
Southern fears of slave uprisings, some Southern states passed laws making circulation of
The Liberator a crime and called for prosecution of Garrison. Although he had detractors,
Garrison quickly became a noted leader of the anti-slavery movement and helped launch the
American Anti-Slavery Society in Philadelphia in 1833. Until he ceased publication in
1865, Garrison employed the Liberator to advance militant anti-slavery views. He
especially opposed African colonization, as is shown in the article entitled
"Emigration" in column one of this issue. (LoC) |
Courtesy of the
Library of Congress. |
Library of Congress,
Photoduplication Services, 101 Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20540 |
Garriso1.jpg |
|
 |
Poems on Various
Subjects, Religious and Moral. . .London, 1773. |
Documents;
Eighteenth Century; Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral; People; Phillis
Wheatley; Scipio Moorhead |
The gifted young
black poet Phillis Wheatley (ca. 1753-1784) was celebrated as "the extraordinary
poetical genius" of colonial New England even before this compilation of her poems
was published in September 1773. Not yet eight years old when she was brought to America
from Africa in 1761, Wheatley was educated by her mistress, and her first poem was
published in a Rhode Island newspaper when she was only fourteen. Her pious elegies for
prominent English and colonial leaders became
popular and were often reprinted in colonial newspapers or as broadsides.
Wheatley's 1773 visit to London, ostensibly to improve her frail condition, was cut short
by her mistress' failing health. Although she was entertained by William Legge, earl of
Dartmouth, the abolitionist Grenville Sharpe, John Thornton, and Benjamin Franklin,
Wheatley did not meet her patron, Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, to whom she
dedicated her Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral.
The countess suggested including the frontispiece portrait of Wheatley in the book. It was
probably drawn by the black painter Scipio Moorhead (servant to Rev. John Moorhead of
Boston), whose creative talents are praised in one of Wheatley's poems. Wheatley was given
her freedom shortly after returning from England, but attended her mistress until the
woman's death in March 1774. |
Courtesy of the
Library of Congress. |
Library of Congress,
Photoduplication Services, 101 Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC, 20540 |
Wheatle1.jpg |
